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By-election

Up until and including the 2021 Bundestag election, a by-election was held if a constituency representative vacated his or her seat in the German Bundestag and belonged to a voters' association or party for which no Land list had been admitted for the election in the respective Land. This situation can no longer arise because the electoral law for the 21st electoral period stipulates that candidates of a party can only stand for election in a constituency if a Land list of that party has been admitted in the respective Land. If elected independent candidates vacate their seat in the Bundestag, the seat will remain vacant.

In European elections, there is no by-election as there are no constituency representatives.

Last update: 22 December 2023